AC Current Transducer

Any type of AC current transducer has a tube around which three solenoidal (or three-dimensional) coils are placed from one end to the other. The coil at the center is called the primary while the coils on both sides are called the secondaries. Along the tube’s axis slides a magnetic core.

Inducing the Current
The primary consists of a thick wire wound in a small number of turns. It is serially connected to the conductor which bears the current. The secondaries, on the other hand, are made of fine wires with a large number of turns.

What induces a voltage in each secondary coil is the alternating current that is directed through the primary coil. This amount of voltage is relative to each secondary’s reciprocal inductance with the primary. The frequency typically ranges from 1 to 10 kilohertz.

Shunts
Reliable conversion is possible with the AC current transducer because of the shunt. A shunt is an inserted device that lets the current to go around the circuit. It is low-resistant and is serially connected with the primary, the electricity carrier. The measure is determined by the voltage decline across the shunt. This is also what shunts do to high-frequency electrical noise, that is, redirect it to the ground, before it spreads to other parts of the circuit.

Shunt applications are varied. They are used to ensure the bypass of electricity through defective points in the circuit. But they are also used for circuit protection. In tower antennas, shunts act as lightning arrestors. They protect transmitters from the huge voltage influx every time the tower is struck by lightning by conducting it to the ground.

Clamp-on Sensor
A large voltage of alternating current can be measured even without direct contact with the conductor by means of a clamp-on sensor. This sensor is fashioned by allowing the current from the primary to pass through a ferrite core. The output obtained is a precise representation of the actual current in the conductor.

AC current transducer-using devices like amplifiers and galvanometers are equipped with usually low-resistant circuits. In some current meters, the current controls the field of the contained electromagnet.

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